| 1. | Elements in liquid and solid form are usually assemblies of individual atoms .
液体和固体中的元素通常是单独原子的组合。 |
| 2. | It was generally believed that in a metal the valence electrons are easily detached from the individual atoms .
一般认为，在金属中价电子容易脱离个别原子。 |
| 3. | We do this by measuring the distribution of time of decay - - " death " - - of individual atoms in a sample of the isotope
我们可以办到这一点，方法是测量该同位素一个样品的各个原子衰减的时间分布（ “死亡” ） 。 |
| 4. | These materials serve as a means for scientists to study how the atoms in metal crystals or other collections of tiny particles interact with one another , without having to move around individual atoms
科学家常以胶体为工具，在不需移动个别原子的情况下，研究金属晶体或其他微小粒子团内原子之间的交互作用。 |
| 5. | Nanotechnology refers to the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules , making it possible to build machines using molecular building blocks or create materials and structures from the bottom up , designing properties by controlling structure
纳米技术是指操纵单独的原子和分子，彻底使用分子级的构筑原料制造机器或创造材料和结构，通过控制结构来设计性能的能力。 |
| 6. | Each individual atom retains the exact same probability of decaying in the next hour ( or second , or year - - it doesn ' t matter what unit of time you look at ) as it had before , right up until the moment that it actually decays
在下一个小时（或者下一秒或下一年，你要什么时间单位，那没关系） ，每个原子仍然保持准确的同样衰减或然性，如同它以前一样，如此一般，直到它实际上衰亡的那一刻。 |
| 7. | In this case , an entangled atom - photon - cavity system is established and this very novel system is widely used for quantum information science , such as quantum measurement , quantum computation , quantum state preparation , quantum communication , etc . but the most difficult and important part of building such entanglement machine is to control definitely the individual atoms
由原子、光场、高品质微腔组成了一个介观量子系统，该系统可以很好的验证单原子与单光子作用的量子行为，在薛定锷猫态、量子测量、量子计算、量子态制备、量子通信等领域具有重要研究价值。 |
| 8. | Clusters are the aggregates of a few to thousands atoms or molecules or ions their properties are neither like those for individual atoms nor the corresponding bulk and therefore clusters are named " the fifth state of the matter " . during the development of cluster science , many concepts and methods have been introduced from nuclear physics , condense matter physics and quantum chemistry , cluster science has became an new interdisciplinary field between atomic - molecular physics and condensed matter physics
团簇( clusters )是由2 104个原子、分子或离子通过物理或化学结合力组成的相对稳定的微观和亚微观聚集体，它的空间尺度在几a至几百a范围内，被人们看作是介于原子分子和宏观固体之间物质结构的新层次，并称之为物质的“第五态” 。 |
